Key Point: Weak connectivity between brain hemispheres in toddlers with autism.

Disrupted Neural Synchronization in Toddlers with Autism

http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273%2811%2900372-2

Neuron, Volume 70, Issue 6, 1218-1225, 23 June 2011
10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.018. Ilan Dinstein, Karen Pierce, Lisa Eyler, Stephanie Solso, Rafael Malach, Marlene Behrmann, Eric Courchesne

Highlights

  • Disrupted neural synchronization exists at the earliest stages of autism development
  • Early disrupted synchronization may be specific to putative language areas
  • Synchronization strength related to toddlers’ language abilities and autism severity
  • Results support theories regarding early neural synchronization disruptions in autism
  • Summary

    Autism is often described as a disorder of neural synchronization. However, it is unknown how early in development synchronization abnormalities emerge and whether they are related to the development of early autistic behavioral symptoms. Here, we show that disrupted synchronization is evident in the spontaneous cortical activity of naturally sleeping toddlers with autism, but not in toddlers with language delay or typical development. Toddlers with autism exhibited significantly weaker interhemispheric synchronization (i.e., weak “functional connectivity” across the two hemispheres) in putative language areas. The strength of synchronization was positively correlated with verbal ability and negatively correlated with autism severity, and it enabled identification of the majority of autistic toddlers (72%) with high accuracy (84%). Disrupted cortical synchronization, therefore, appears to be a notable characteristic of autism neurophysiology that is evident at very early stages of autism development.